A major head-to-head trial finds that aspirin is equally as good as warfarin (Coumadin) in preventing stroke and death in heart failure patients. Heart failure patients are at increased risk for blood clots, stroke and death.
The researchers said that, all things being equal, the findings raise questions about the wisdom of routinely using warfarin, which can cause dangerous bleeding.
The findings were presented at the annual meeting of the American Stroke Association in New Orleans.
Study Details
The study is the largest and longest of its kind to date and included more than 2,300 patients averaging 61 years of age. All patients had heart failure and a normal heart rhythm, and were followed for up to six years (average 35 years).
The patients were randomly assigned to receive either 325 milligrams a day of aspirin, or warfarin doses meant to achieve a pre-specified degree of blood thinning.
Death, ischemic stroke (caused by blockage of an artery carrying blood to the brain) or bleeding inside the brain intracerebral hemorrhage) occurred in about 8% of the patients taking aspirin and about 7.5% of those taking warfarin. This difference was not found to be statistically significant, the research team said.
Among patients who were followed for more than three years, strokes occurred in 0.72% of those taking warfarin and in 1.36% of those taking aspirin, according to the study. While warfarin users had half the stroke risk of those on aspirin, the overall risk for stroke for patients in either group was considered low.
On the other hand, the researchers found that major bleeding other than intracerebral hemorrhage) occurred in 0.9% of the patients on aspirin each year, compared with 1.8% of those on warfarin. That was a statistically significant difference, the team said.
"Although there was a warfarin benefit for patients treated for four or more years, overall, warfarin and aspirin were similar," said lead author Shunichi Homma, MD, a professor of medicine at Columbia University in New York City.
Conclusion
Given that there is no overall difference between the two treatments, there is no compelling reason to use warfarin, especially considering the bleeding risk, Dr. Homma noted.
"There has always been a question about whether warfarin or aspirin is better when treating heart failure in patients with normal heart rhythms, so this is a very important study," noted Kenneth Ong, MD, a cardiologist at The Brooklyn Hospital Center in New York City.
"Until now, we considered warfarin a more potent anti-clotting drug than aspirin, though each affects a different mechanism of clotting." he explained. "In the past, the only reason to put heart failure patients on warfarin was in the case of patients with a history of strokes, transient ischemic strokes (TIA or '
mini-stroke) or an irregular heart rhythm. This study confirms current standards of treatment. Aspirin is just as effective as warfarin in the treatment of heart failure, but warfarin is indicated for high-risk patients."
The US Agency for Healthcare Research and Web site, www.abrq.gov/consumer/btpills.htm.
